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\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u2013 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u2013 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u038c\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd).<br \/>\n\u039a\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Big Bang (\u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u2013 \u039b\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc-\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc (\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u2013 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd <strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 <strong>\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 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<strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/strong> \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2).<\/li>\n<li>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00bb).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391: \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/h3>\n<h4>1. Nikodem Pop\u0142awski \u2013 \u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 (2025)<\/h4>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00abCosmogenesis via Gravitational Torsion: A Non-Singular Bounce from Black Hole Interiors\u00bb (<em>Physical Review D<\/em>, 2025), \u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 Nikodem Pop\u0142awski \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 Einstein-Cartan, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (torsion) \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae (spin) \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03b4\u03ac\u00bb \u2014 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Nick Prantzos (\u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b7 <strong>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf &#8220;\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9&#8221;<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0399\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<li>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2:\n<ul>\n<li><em>Voyages dans le futur<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Poussi\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9toiles et poussi\u00e8res de civilisation<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Les chemins de l&#8217;espace<\/em>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Roger Penrose \u2013 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (Conformal Cyclic Cosmology &#8211; CCC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u039f \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Penrose \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae &#8220;\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd&#8221; (aeons)<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 &#8220;\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2&#8221; \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 Big Bang \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae (Big Freeze).<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u0397 <strong>\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 (conformal) \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf (CMB).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Lee Smolin \u2013 \u039a\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae (Cosmological Natural Selection)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><em>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 &#8220;\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae&#8221; \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>&#8220;\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd&#8221;<\/strong>:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 <strong>\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd (multiverse)<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf <strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u2013 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae &#8220;\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2&#8221; \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> (\u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd).<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u0395\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 &#8220;\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf&#8221; (fine-tuned) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2: <strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u03a3\u03b5 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2;<\/h4>\n<p>\u0397 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u00ab\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2: EHT, LIGO \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 CMB<\/h4>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 M87*, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 (torsion bounce).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf LIGO \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03b7\u03c7\u03ce\u00bb \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u2014 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u00bb, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 (CMB) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 200 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2014 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h4>6. \u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb (\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 Big Bang)<\/h4>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03af <strong>\u039a\u03c1\u03b6\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c6 \u039c\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03b1 (Krzysztof Meissner)<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u0386\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b5\u03ca \u039d\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd (Andrzej Dragan)<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb (\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 Big Bang), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Penrose \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Smolin.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f <strong>\u0386\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b5\u03ca \u039d\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u039d\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd (\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Meissner) \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 (\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u2013 tachyonic observers)<\/strong>, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 <strong>\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Big Bang<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 <strong>\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u00ab\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u00bb<\/strong> \u2013 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf <strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac, <strong>\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 &#8220;\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1&#8221; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd<\/strong> \u2013 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392: \u039f\u03b9 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Pop\u0142awski \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf \u0395\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u2013 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u2013 \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u039f \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/h4>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1), \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03b4\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u039f \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/h4>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd:<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9.<br \/>\n\u0397 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\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.\u00bb<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u039f \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h4>\n<p>\u0397 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u2014 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393: \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u0391\u03bd 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\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2025, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: \u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae;<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9: \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b5 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9. \u0398\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u2013 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u2013 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf <strong>\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> (\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>) \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9: <strong>\u00ab\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 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align=\"center\">\u2014 \u0392.\u0399. \u039b\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd, <em>\u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 (1908)<\/em>, \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf 5<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9: \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b7 <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1: \u03b7 <strong>\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 <strong>\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u00bb \u03ae \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u00bb \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b3\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb (\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 Big Bang), \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u00bb, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039d\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u00ab\u039f \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u201c\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u201d \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u00b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u201c\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u201d \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>\u00ab\u0397 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.\u00bb<\/strong><em> (\u039b\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u039f\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1), \u03bc\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u2013 \u039b\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>\u00ab\u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u00bb<\/strong> (<em>&#8220;the darkest hour is just before the dawn&#8221;<\/em>).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u039a\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nikodem Pop\u0142awski<\/strong> \u2013 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lee Smolin<\/strong> \u2013 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 (black hole cosmology).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Roger Penrose<\/strong> \u2013 \u00abconformal cyclic cosmology\u00bb (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u2013 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac bounce models, loop quantum gravity \u03ba.\u03bb\u03c0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1:<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae &amp; \u039a\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1)<\/strong><br \/>\nPop\u0142awski, N. J. (2025).<br \/>\nCosmogenesis via Gravitational Torsion: A Non-Singular Bounce from Black Hole Interiors<br \/>\nPhysical Review D, 111(12), 123501.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2.<br \/>\nPop\u0142awski, N. J. (2010).<br \/>\nCosmology with torsion: An alternative to cosmic inflation<br \/>\nPhysics Letters B, 694(3), 181\u2013185.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd torsion \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<br \/>\nPop\u0142awski, N. J. (2012).<br \/>\nNonsingular, big-bounce cosmology from spinor-torsion coupling<br \/>\nPhysical Review D, 85(10), 107502.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb (bounce) \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 spin-torsion \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<br \/>\nLIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration (2025).<br \/>\nSearch for Post-Merger Gravitational Wave Echoes in Binary Black Hole Coalescences: O4 Data Results<br \/>\nPhysical Review Letters, 134, 081101.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u00ab\u03b7\u03c7\u03ce\u00bb \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd.<br \/>\nEvent Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2025).<br \/>\nAsymmetries in the Shadow of M87*: Implications for Exotic Compact Objects and Torsion Gravity<br \/>\nAstrophysical Journal, 980(2), 77.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u0391\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<br \/>\nPlanck Collaboration (2025).<br \/>\nAnomalies in the CMB Large-Scale Power Spectrum: Evidence for Pre-Big Bang Structure?<br \/>\nAstronomy &amp; Astrophysics, 685, A12.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u00abcold spots\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 CMB, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae.<br \/>\nSmolin, L. (1997).<br \/>\nThe Life of the Cosmos<br \/>\nOxford University Press.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u00ab\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u00bb \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u2014 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 (\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2)<\/strong><br \/>\nEngels, F. (1883).<br \/>\n\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u2192 \u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1:<br \/>\n\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\nLenin, V. I. (1914\u20131916).<br \/>\n\u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u2192 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<br \/>\nMarx, K. &amp; Engels, F. (1845\u20131846).<br \/>\n\u0397 \u0391\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<br \/>\n\u2192 \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd: \u00ab\u0397 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.\u00bb<br \/>\nHegel, G. W. F. (1812\u20131816).<br \/>\n\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<br \/>\n\u2192 \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u0395\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf.<br \/>\nGorelik, G. (2003).<br \/>\nThe Topology of Einstein\u2019s Static Universe and the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation<br \/>\n\u2192 \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 &amp; \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\nPrantzos, N. (2025).<br \/>\n\u0397 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae<br \/>\n\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, 12 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2025.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf.<br \/>\nCarroll, S. (2023).<br \/>\nThe Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion<br \/>\nDutton.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2014 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<br \/>\nRovelli, C. (2021).<br \/>\nHelgoland: Making Sense of the Quantum Revolution<br \/>\nPenguin.<br \/>\n\u2192 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u2014 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9: \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 &#8220;\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7\u03c2&#8221;(\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 Big Bang), \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf &#8220;\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc&#8221;, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u039d\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 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\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2.\r\n\u039d\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u00ab\u039f \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u201c\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u201d \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u00b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u201c\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u201d \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2.\u00bb\r\n","magazineBlocksPostCategories":["\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2","\u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2","\u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1","\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae - \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd - \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1"],"magazineBlocksPostViewCount":200,"magazineBlocksPostReadTime":2,"magazine_blocks_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/istos-ch.com\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bholes.jpg",616,352,false],"medium":["https:\/\/istos-ch.com\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bholes-300x171.jpg",300,171,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/istos-ch.com\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/bholes-150x150.jpg",150,150,true]},"magazine_blocks_author":{"display_name":"istosch","author_link":"https:\/\/istos-ch.com\/index\/author\/istosch\/"},"magazine_blocks_comment":0,"magazine_blocks_author_image":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bc3c7be5d470142d7671fb3a33d7171e131eaa167d2ff13aba582da92fe0dd06?s=96&d=mm&r=g","magazine_blocks_category":"<a href=\"#\" class=\"category-link category-link-43\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2<\/a> <a href=\"#\" class=\"category-link category-link-1778\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2<\/a> <a href=\"#\" class=\"category-link category-link-1766\">\u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/a> <a href=\"#\" class=\"category-link category-link-1780\">\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae - \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae - \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03a5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd - \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/a>","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0397 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u039f\u03c0\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: \u0397 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd 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